Ideas, evidence, practice
Aug 2026
New Pakistani evidence shows depression, anxiety and stress affect students across disciplines, challenging assumptions about who is most at risk.
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A 602-student Pakistani study found higher depression and anxiety scores among non-medical students, challenging assumptions about student mental health.
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A 602-student Pakistani study found good PHQ-9 reliability and useful psychometric performance, while highlighting limits of screening scores.
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New Pakistani data support good DASS-21 reliability and adequate factor-model fit, while raising questions about separation of its three subscales.
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A Pakistani study of 602 students shows how PHQ-9 and DASS-21 can illuminate depression, anxiety, stress, sleep, gender, and student mental health.
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PHQ-9 and DASS-21 can reveal more than symptom totals, including item performance, symptom patterns, scale structure, and differences between groups.
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A Pakistani university study used item response and network analysis to reveal which PHQ-9 depression symptoms carried the most information.
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A Pakistani student study suggests self-worth and concentration symptoms may carry especially useful information when assessing depression.
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A Pakistani university study found strong overlap between DASS-21 depression, anxiety and stress, raising important questions about subscale interpretation.
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Pakistani student data supported the DASS-21 three-factor structure, but very high factor correlations raise questions about how distinct the scales are.
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